Borderline PD: reference to causes, links
Ελπιζω να σε βοηθανε :)
Α. Καποια γενικα στοιχεια για τη Μεταιχμιακη Διαταραχη (BPD)
“Evidence supports BPD as a syndrome with differing risk factors, course, phenomenology, and treatment response compared to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, and Major Depressive Disorder (3,4). BPD exhibits serious morbidity and mortality. The completed suicide rate is comparable to Major Depression and Schizophrenia (5) and it is associated with the highest rate of non-suicidal self-injury (6). Finally, BPD is associated with high health care utilization that is more frequent than other personality disorders and Major Depression (7). Simultaneously, BPD exhibits some of the greatest challenges to psychopathology and treatment researchers given its heterogeneous combination of traits, behaviors, symptoms, and interpersonal and personality characteristics.
Questions that preoccupied investigators of BPD in the recent past, revolving around polarized nature vs. nurture dichotomies, are currently giving way to more generative lines of inquiry. These include: What environmental, psychological, biological, and genetic risk factors combine to pave the way for the development of BPD? What are the mechanisms that subserve the phenotypic features of the disorder (8,9)?... With these questions, a prior Cartesian dualism in the study of BPD has evolved into approaches that integrate the social, neurocognitive, and the neurobiological to inform a mechanistic understanding of the disorder (10).
Individuals with BPD have less capacity to make coherent interpretations of others intentions and mental states than other psychiatric groups if they have experienced childhood trauma (31). They tend to appraise social situations in polarized ways (32), and are biased to attribute the negative intentions in the behaviors of others (33,34.35; see also 36 for review). Individuals with BPD are prone to assume that others are untrustworthy and to view themselves as overly needy and weak (37), suggesting a high level of rejection sensitivity (38).
Fearful-ambivalent attachment is characterized by intense concern about the support and availability of significant others and exaggerated attempts to maintain proximity and engagement with significant others…A fearful-ambivalent attachment style is the most common attachment type in BPD groups (42).
A history of chronic maltreatment, which is commonly reported by individuals with BPD, may also instill a propensity to anticipate rejection and hurtful motives on others. This maltreatment may lead to insecure and unstable relationships and high levels of rejection sensitivity.”
απο το ( οι αριθμοι σε αγκυλες αντιπροσωπευουν παραπομπες): http://www.klinikundforschung.de/sup/heft9/neurocognition.htm
Β. Στοιχεια για τα αιτια
α) it has been found that antisocial personality, borderline personality and substance abuse frequently occur together in family
β) Neglect during childhood has also been associated with
diagnoses of antisocial, avoidant, borderline, dependent, narcissistic, paranoid and schizoid personality disorders
γ) There is some indication that a history of physical abuse is associated with antisocial, borderline, passive aggressive and psychopathic personality disorders, whereas sexual abuse is associated with borderline, histrionic and
depressive personality disorders
δ) Research studies have, however, found that some of the problems associated with borderline and antisocial personality disorders reduce steadily over time, even without treatment (Moran, 1999; Stone, 1993; Zanarini et al.,
2003). This improvement in functioning may be due to people tending to become less impulsive as they get older
απο το “Understanding Personality Disorder: A Report by the British Psychological Society", σσ. 22-29
http://www.bps.org.uk/downloadfile.cfm?file_uuid=28ECFB5B-1143-DFD0-7E28-C7CDA21A3E7F&ext=pdf
Γ. Ειδικα για τη Μεταιχμιακη (διδακτορικη διατριβη, 2005)
γενικα: σσ. 2-4
για τα αιτια της διαταραχης: σσ. 22-68
https://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/pubfiles/adt-MU20050602.162509/02Whole.pdf
ή στο
https://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20050602.162509
Δ. Βασικα στοιχεια για τις διαταραχες που προκαλουν ασταθεια (=Μεταισμιακη κ Διπολικη)
http://web4health.info/en/answers/psy-instability-menu.htm
